Efflux Transporters’ Engineering and Their Application in Microbial Production of Heterologous Metabolites

Metabolic engineering of microbial hosts for the production heterologous metabolites and biochemicals is an enabling technology to generate meaningful quantities desired products that may be otherwise difficult produce by traditional means. Heterologous metabolite can restricted accumulation toxic within cell. Efflux transport proteins (transporters) provide a potential solution facilitate export these products, mitigate effects, enhance production. Recent investigations using knockout lines, expression, expression profiling transporters have revealed candidates from cell systems. Transporter efforts some exhibit flexible substrate specificity broader application potentials. In this Review, major superfamilies efflux transporters, their mechanistic modes action, selection appropriate compounds, transporter strategies are described applications in enhancing engineered Future studies recognition, combinatorial will assist hosts.